In railways, on-track running tests are implemented to assess running safety against flange climb derailment.Results of tests depend on the frequency component of measured data.In this paper, the relationship between the measured data of the derailment quotient, which is the assessment quantity of derailment, and wheel rise are investigated.The dat

Data center interconnections are cost-sensitive.We propose and demonstrate a cost-effective C-band intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) transmitter for extended range (ER) inter-datacenter interconnects activecare spitfire utilizing only a 2-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC).Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) is used in transmi